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Niobium is an effective microalloying element for steel, within which it forms niobium carbide and niobium nitride. [33] These compounds improve the grain refining, and retard recrystallization and precipitation hardening. These effects in turn increase the toughness, strength, formability, and weldability. [33]
Niobium-1% zirconium is used in rocketry and in the nuclear industry. It is regarded as a low-strength alloy. [1] [2]C-103, which is 89% Nb, 10% Hf and 1% Ti, is used for the rocket nozzle of the Apollo service module and the Merlin vacuum [3] engines; it is regarded as a medium-strength alloy.
Ferroniobium is an important iron-niobium alloy, with a niobium content of 60-70%. [1] It is the main source for niobium alloying of HSLA steel and covers more than 80% of the worldwide niobium production. The niobium is mined from pyrochlore deposits and is subsequently transformed into the niobium pentoxide Nb 2 O 5.
Niobium can be found in aircraft gas turbines, vacuum tubes and nuclear reactors. An alloy used for liquid rocket thruster nozzles, such as in the main engine of the Apollo Lunar Modules, is C103, which consists of 89% niobium, 10% hafnium and 1% titanium. [27] Another niobium alloy was used for the nozzle of the Apollo Service Module. As ...
Magyar; Македонски ... Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon with improved strength and fracture resistance ... cobalt, and niobium. [5] Additional elements ...
The aluminothermic reaction is used for the production of several ferroalloys, for example ferroniobium from niobium pentoxide and ferrovanadium from iron, vanadium(V) oxide, and aluminium. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The process begins with the reduction of the oxide by the aluminium:
AA-8000: used for electrical building wire in the U.S. per the National Electrical Code, replacing AA-1350. [1]Al–Li (2.45% lithium): aerospace applications, including the Space Shuttle
In 2009, Crucible Steel introduced an update to CPM-S30V to meet the needs of renowned knife maker Chris Reeve that they called CPM-S35VN. The addition of 0.5% Niobium, and reductions in both Carbon (from 1.45% to 1.40%) and Vanadium (from 4% to 3%) produced an alloy with 25% increase in measured Charpy V-notch toughness over S30V (Crucible claims 15-20% improvement).