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In the 1950s through 1970s, a mixture of 63% hydrazine, 32% hydrazine nitrate and 5% water was used in experimental 37mm gun firings and later in 120mm gun firings. The 32% hydrazine nitrate mixture was selected by extensive experiments to have a notably flat pressure profile, increasing gun safety. [2]
Since hydrazine is a solid below 2 °C, it is not suitable as a general purpose rocket propellant for military applications. Other variants of hydrazine that are used as rocket fuel are monomethylhydrazine , CH 3 NHNH 2 , also known as MMH (melting point −52 °C), and unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine , (CH 3 ) 2 NNH 2 , also known as UDMH ...
Aerozine continues in wide use as a rocket fuel, typically with dinitrogen tetroxide (N 2 O 4) as the oxidizer, with which it is hypergolic. Aerozine 50 is more stable than hydrazine alone, and has a higher density and boiling point than UDMH alone. Pure hydrazine has a higher performance than Aerozine 50, but an inconvenient freezing point of ...
Operation Burnt Frost was a military operation to intercept and destroy non-functioning U.S. National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) satellite USA-193. [1] The mission was described by the Missile Defense Agency as a "mission of safeguarding human life against the uncontrolled re-entry of a 5,000-pound satellite containing over 1,000 pounds of hazardous hydrazine propellant". [2]
The most common use of monopropellants [3] is in low-impulse monopropellant rocket motors, [4] such as reaction control thrusters, the usual propellant being hydrazine [5] [6] which is generally decomposed by exposure to an iridium [7] [8] catalyst bed (the hydrazine is pre-heated to keep the reactant liquid).
UDMH is a derivative of hydrazine and is sometimes referred to as a hydrazine. As a fuel, it is described in specification MIL-PRF-25604 in the United States. [13] UDMH is stable and can be kept loaded in rocket fuel systems for long periods, which makes it appealing for use in many liquid rocket engines, despite its cost.
The most common hypergolic fuels, hydrazine, monomethylhydrazine and unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine, and oxidizer, nitrogen tetroxide, are all liquid at ordinary temperatures and pressures. They are therefore sometimes called storable liquid propellants. They are suitable for use in spacecraft missions lasting many years.
Hydrazines (R 2 N−NR 2) are a class of chemical compounds with two nitrogen atoms linked via a covalent bond and which carry from one up to four alkyl or aryl substituents. . Hydrazines can be considered as derivatives of the inorganic hydrazine (H 2 N−NH 2), in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by hydrocarbon grou