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A magnetohydrodynamic drive or MHD propulsor is a method for propelling seagoing vessels using only electric and magnetic fields with no moving parts, using magnetohydrodynamics. The working principle involves electrification of the propellant (gas or water) which can then be directed by a magnetic field, pushing the vehicle in the opposite ...
Informally, Alfvén's theorem refers to the fundamental result in ideal magnetohydrodynamic theory that electrically conducting fluids and the magnetic fields within are constrained to move together in the limit of large magnetic Reynolds numbers (R m)—such as when the fluid is a perfect conductor or when velocity and length scales are infinitely large.
Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) deals with what is a quasi-neutral fluid with very high conductivity. The fluid approximation implies that the focus is on macro length-and-time scales which are much larger than the collision length and collision time respectively.
In magnetohydrodynamics, the magnetic Reynolds number (R m) is a dimensionless quantity that estimates the relative effects of advection or induction of a magnetic field by the motion of a conducting medium to the magnetic diffusion. It is the magnetic analogue of the Reynolds number in fluid mechanics and is typically defined by:
A magnetohydrodynamic generator (MHD generator) is a magnetohydrodynamic converter that transforms thermal energy and kinetic energy directly into electricity.An MHD generator, like a conventional generator, relies on moving a conductor through a magnetic field to generate electric current.
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In the following, it is assumed that the system is 2-dimensional with as the invariant axis, i.e. produces 0 for any quantity. Then the magnetic field can be written in cartesian coordinates as = (,, (,)), or more compactly, = ^ + ^, where (,) ^ is the vector potential for the in-plane (x and y components) magnetic field.