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System Management Mode (SMM, sometimes called ring −2 in reference to protection rings) [1] [2] is an operating mode of x86 central processor units (CPUs) in which all normal execution, including the operating system, is suspended.
In virtualization, guest operating systems can use hardware that is not specifically made for virtualization. Higher performance hardware such as graphics cards use DMA to access memory directly; in a virtual environment all memory addresses are re-mapped by the virtual machine software, which causes DMA devices to fail.
The virtual or physical functions available to the hypervisor or guest operating system depend on the PCIe device. [3] The SR-IOV allows different virtual machines (VMs) in a virtual environment to share a single PCI Express hardware interface. In contrast, MR-IOV allows I/O PCI Express to share resources among different VMs on different ...
Hyper-V, like Microsoft Virtual Server and Windows Virtual PC, saves each guest OS to a single virtual hard disk file. It supports the older .vhd format, as well as the newer .vhdx. Older .vhd files from Virtual Server 2005, Virtual PC 2004 and Virtual PC 2007 can be copied and used in Hyper-V, but any old virtual machine integration software ...
The High Precision Event Timer (HPET) is a hardware timer available in modern x86-compatible personal computers.Compared to older types of timers available in the x86 architecture, HPET allows more efficient processing of highly timing-sensitive applications, such as multimedia playback and OS task switching.
There are two ways to disable the ZoneAlarm firewall. Using the Windows taskbar; Using the Programs menu; Using the Windows taskbar 1. On the Windows taskbar, next to the clock, right-click the ZoneAlarm icon, and then click Shutdown ZoneAlarm. Note: If you don't see the icon next to the clock, click the arrow next to the clock to reveal the ...
Many 32-bit computers have 32 physical address bits and are thus limited to 4 GiB (2 32 words) of memory. [3] [4] x86 processors prior to the Pentium Pro have 32 or fewer physical address bits; however, most x86 processors since the Pentium Pro, which was first sold in 1995, have the Physical Address Extension (PAE) mechanism, [5]: 445 which allows addressing up to 64 GiB (2 36 words) of memory.
Sandboxie is an open-source OS-level virtualization solution for Microsoft Windows. [10] [11] [12] It is a sandboxing solution that creates an isolated operating environment in which applications can run without permanently modifying the local system. [10] [13] This virtual environment allows for controlled testing of untrusted programs and web ...