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The Doppler effect (also Doppler shift) is the change in the frequency of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the source of the wave. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The Doppler effect is named after the physicist Christian Doppler , who described the phenomenon in 1842.
Three common methods are used to calculate the Doppler shift and thus the water velocity along the acoustic beams. The first method uses a monochromatic transmit pulse and is referred to as "incoherent" or "narrowband". The method is robust and provides good quality mean current profiles but has limited space-time resolution.
Doppler shift with source moving at an arbitrary angle with respect to the line between source and receiver. The analysis used in section Relativistic longitudinal Doppler effect can be extended in a straightforward fashion to calculate the Doppler shift for the case where the inertial motions of the source and receiver are at any specified angle.
Doppler Effect: Change of wavelength and frequency caused by motion of the source. The formula for radar Doppler shift is the same as that for reflection of light by a moving mirror. [3] There is no need to invoke Albert Einstein's theory of special relativity, because all observations are made in the same frame of reference. [4]
The magnitude of the shift is a function of the wavelength of the signal and the angular velocity of the antenna: S = r W / λ Where S is the Doppler shift in frequency (Hz), r is the radius of the circle, W is the angular velocity in radians per second, λ is the target wavelength and c is the speed of light in meters per second. [13]
Since the missile is moving at high velocities relative to the aircraft, there is a strong Doppler shift. Most modern air combat radars, even pulse Doppler sets, have a CW function for missile guidance purposes. Maximum distance in a continuous-wave radar is determined by the overall bandwidth and transmitter power.
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The word "dopplergraph" is a combination of the words doppler and photograph. Dopplergraphs are two-dimensional records of variations in the doppler shift in light intensity. Dopplergraphs do not need to be a record of the shift of visible light, but of any radiated wave, which includes electromagnetic waves and acoustic waves.