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Twelver Shias sometimes consider Zaydism to be a "fifth school" of Sunni Islam. [4] Zaydis regard rationalism as more important than Quranic literalism and historically were quite tolerant towards Sunni Shafi'ism, a religion of about half of the Yemenis. [5] Most of the world's Zaydis are located in northern Yemen and Najran, Saudi Arabia.
After the death of Muhammad in 632, the Muslim world split into two camps, the Sunnis, who believed that the caliphs of the Islamic community should be chosen by a council (in the case of the Saqifa), and a second group, the Shia, who believed that Mohammed had named his successor to be Ali ibn Abi Talib, his cousin and son-in-law.
Iran, formerly of Sunni majority region underwent a process of forced conversion to Shia Islam under the Saffavids between the 16th and 18th century. The process also ensured the dominance of the Twelver sect within Shiism over the Zaidiyyah and sects of Isma'ilism in the modern day. [1] [2] [3] [4]
The Shia Sevener tariqah no longer exists. Another small tariqah is that of the Zaidi Shias, or the "Fivers"; they do not believe in the Occultation of their last Imam. Although all these different Shia tariqahs belong to the Shia (as opposed to the Sunni) sect in Islam, there are major doctrinal differences between the main Shia tariqahs.
In the Zaidi Shi'ism sect, who do not consider the Imams to have superhuman powers, belief in Mahdism is very inconspicuous. Throughout history, many people have been considered as "Mahdi" or claimed to be alive and absent. One of them was Husayn ibn Qasim Ayani, the leader of a sect branching out from Zaidi Shi'ism, called
Sufris were a major sub-sect of Kharijite in the 7th and 8th centuries, and a part of the Kharijites. Nukkari was a sub-sect of Sufris. Harūrīs were an early Muslim sect from the period of the Four Rightly-Guided Caliphs (632–661 CE), named for their first leader, Habīb ibn-Yazīd al-Harūrī. Azariqa, Najdat, and Adjarites were minor sub ...
The Zaydis belong to a sect of Shia Islam established by followers of Zayd ibn Ali, the great-grandson of Ali, Shia Islam's first Imam. Zayd ibn Ali rebelled against the Umayyad government in 740 CE after the death of Husayn ibn Ali at Karbala, this being seen as justification for his status as the legitimate Imam in the eyes of the Zaydi sect ...
The four Sunni Imams founded the four madhhab (schools of thought) recognized in Sunni Islam. While they agree on the foundational principles of fiqh according to the Sunni narrative, their interpretations of certain legal and practical matters differ, which led to the development of the four distinct madhhab.