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Lyme disease, also known as Lyme borreliosis, is a tick-borne disease caused by species of Borrelia bacteria, transmitted by blood-feeding ticks in the genus Ixodes. [4] [9] [10] The most common sign of infection is an expanding red rash, known as erythema migrans (EM), which appears at the site of the tick bite about a week afterwards. [1]
Afzelius published his work 12 years later and speculated the rash came from the bite of an Ixodes tick, meningitic symptoms and signs in a number of cases and that both sexes were affected. This rash was known as erythema chronicum migrans, the skin rash found in early-stage Lyme disease.
Several studies have failed to detect Borrelia burgdorferi, which is the causative agent of Lyme disease, in patients from the southern United States. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] This disease may be caused by the related bacterium Borrelia lonestari , [ 7 ] [ 8 ] which is a spirochete first isolated in culture in 2004. [ 9 ]
Borrelia burgdorferi is a bacterial species of the spirochete class in the genus Borrelia, and is one of the causative agents of Lyme disease in humans. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Along with a few similar genospecies, some of which also cause Lyme disease, it makes up the species complex of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato .
Doxycycline has not been widely studied as a treatment in the US, but antibiotic sensitivities of prevailing European and US isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi tend to be identical. However, doxycycline is generally not prescribed to children due to the risk of bone and tooth damage. [7] Discredited treatments for neuroborreliosis include:
Lyme disease is an infectious disease that’s found around the world—in the US it’s most commonly caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, and cousins of this bacteria, Borrelia garinii and Borrelia afzelii are causes of Lyme disease in Europe and Asia. And new ones are still being found.
Lymphocytic meningoradiculitis is characterized by an intense spinal pain in the lumbar and cervical regions, radiating to the extremities. Symptoms may include facial paralysis, abducens palsy, anorexia, tiredness, headache, double vision, paraesthesia, and erythema migrans. [2]
Mortality rate is 1% with treatment and 30–70% without treatment. Poor prognostic signs include severe jaundice, severe change in mental status, severe bleeding, and a prolonged QT interval on ECG. [citation needed] Lice that feed on infected humans acquire the Borrelia organisms that then multiply in the louse's gut. When an infected louse ...