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In metallurgy, non-ferrous metals are metals or alloys that do not contain iron (allotropes of iron, ferrite, and so on) in appreciable amounts.. Generally more costly than ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals are used because of desirable properties such as low weight (e.g. aluminium), higher conductivity (e.g. copper), [1] non-magnetic properties or resistance to corrosion (e.g. zinc). [2]
The adjective ferrous or the prefix ferro-is often used to specify such compounds, as in ferrous chloride for iron(II) chloride (FeCl 2). The adjective ferric is used instead for iron(III) salts, containing the cation Fe 3+. The word ferrous is derived from the Latin word ferrum, meaning "iron".
Ferrous metals are able to be recycled, with steel being one of the most recycled materials in the world. [12] [13] Ferrous metals contain an appreciable percentage of iron and the addition of carbon and other substances creates steel. Iron [14] is also commonly recycled, since it is a ferrous metal.
Metals can be categorised by their composition, physical or chemical properties. Categories described in the subsections below include ferrous and non-ferrous metals; brittle metals and refractory metals; white metals; heavy and light metals; base, noble, and precious metals as well as both metallic ceramics and polymers.
Iron is the most widely used of all the metals, accounting for over 90% of worldwide metal production. Its low cost and high strength often make it the material of choice to withstand stress or transmit forces, such as the construction of machinery and machine tools , rails , automobiles , ship hulls , concrete reinforcing bars , and the load ...
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The study of metal production is subdivided into ferrous metallurgy (also known as black metallurgy) and non-ferrous metallurgy, also known as colored metallurgy. Ferrous metallurgy involves processes and alloys based on iron , while non-ferrous metallurgy involves processes and alloys based on other metals.
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