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The Byzantine Papacy was a period of return to Imperial domination of the papacy from 537 to 752, when popes required the approval of the Byzantine Emperors for episcopal consecration, and many popes were chosen from the apocrisiarii (liaisons from the pope to the emperor) or the inhabitants of Byzantine Greece, Syria, or Sicily.
Pope Clement VIII (Latin: Clemens VIII; Italian: Clemente VIII; 24 February 1536 – 3 March 1605), born Ippolito Aldobrandini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 30 January 1592 to his death in March 1605.
St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City is named after him. 2 c. 64 – c. 76 (?) (11–12 years) St Linus LINVS: Volterrae, Italia, Roman Empire [birth 2] First Roman pope, being a Roman citizen born in Italia, the homeland of the ancient Romans. [birth 3] [7] Feast day 23 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast ...
The institution is known as the Papacy. From the eighth century until 1870, the pope was the sovereign or head of state of the Papal States , and since 1929 of the much smaller Vatican City state.
Plaque commemorating popes buried in St Peter's Basilica. This is a graphical list of the popes of the Catholic Church. While the term pope (Latin: Papa, 'Father') is used in several churches to denote their high spiritual leaders, in English usage, this title generally refers to the supreme head of the Catholic Church and of the Holy See.
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Papacy and politics in eighteenth-century Rome: Pius VI and the arts (Cambridge University Press, 2004). Hales, E.E.Y. Revolution and Papacy, 1769–1846 (Hanover House, 1960). Pastor, Ludwig von, 1952. The History of the Popes from the close of the Middle Ages, (St. Louis : Herder) vols. XXXIX and XL. Sampson, Donat.
Pope Gregory VII (r. 1073–1085) ordered that the title "pope" be reserved exclusively for the Bishop of Rome.Unknown manuscript from the 11th century. The term pope comes from the Latin papa, and from the Greek πάππας [5] (pappas, which is an affectionate word for 'father'). [6]