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Spirillum is a of Gram-negative bacteria in the family Spirillaceae of the Nitrosomonadales of the Betaproteobacteria. [1] [2] [3] There are two species of Spirillum with validly or effectively published names - Spirillum winogradskyi and Spirillum volutans.
R. rubrum is a spiral-shaped bacterium (spirillum, plural form: spirilla). R. rubrum is also a nitrogen fixing bacterium, i.e., it can express and regulate nitrogenase, a protein complex that can catalyse the conversion of atmospheric dinitrogen into ammonia.
In 1832, the genus Spirillum was created and encompassed an array of helical bacteria. In 1957, the large genus was reviewed and narrowed to include 19 species based on morphology and a few other physiological characteristics.
Spiral bacteria are another major bacterial cell morphology. [2] [30] [31] [32] Spiral bacteria can be sub-classified as spirilla, spirochetes, or vibrios based on the number of twists per cell, cell thickness, cell flexibility, and motility. [33] Bacteria are known to evolve specific traits to survive in their ideal environment. [34]
Spirillum volutans is a gram-negative, bacterium from the genus of Spirillum which occurs in freshwater. [3] [4] It has an amphitrichous flagellar arrangement. Spirillum volutans is one of the largest bacteria species. [5]
A spirochaete (/ ˈ s p aɪ r oʊ ˌ k iː t /) [4] or spirochete is a member of the phylum Spirochaetota (also called Spirochaetes [5] / ˌ s p aɪ r oʊ ˈ k iː t iː z /), which contains distinctive diderm (double-membrane) Gram-negative bacteria, most of which have long, helically coiled (corkscrew-shaped or spiraled, hence the name) cells ...
Spirillaceae is a family in the order Nitrosomonadales in the class Betaproteobacteria of the bacteria. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Only one genus, Spirillum , has been described in this family.
The first species described in the genus was originally named Spirillum lipoferum in 1925 by M.W. Beijerinck. [9] In Brazil, during the 1970s, similar strains of this species were found associated with the roots of grain plants by scientists led by Dr. Johanna Döbereiner. Her group discovered that these bacteria had the ability to fix nitrogen.