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Muonium (/ m juː ˈ oʊ n i ə m /) is an exotic atom made up of an antimuon and an electron, [1] which was discovered in 1960 by Vernon W. Hughes [2] and is given the chemical symbol Mu. During the muon's 2.2 µs lifetime, muonium can undergo chemical reactions.
In particle physics, true muonium is a theoretically predicted exotic atom representing a bound state of an muon and an antimuon (μ + μ −). The existence of true muonium is well established theoretically within the Standard Model .
Muonium, despite its name, is not an onium state containing a muon and an antimuon, because IUPAC assigned that name to the system of an antimuon bound with an electron. However, the production of a muon–antimuon bound state, which is an onium (called true muonium ), has been theorized. [ 15 ]
The positive muon is also not attracted to the nucleus of atoms. Instead, it binds a random electron and with this electron forms an exotic atom known as muonium (mu) atom. In this atom, the muon acts as the nucleus. The positive muon, in this context, can be considered a pseudo-isotope of hydrogen with one ninth of the mass of the proton.
Some of the traditional tools of cultivated plant taxonomy including: microscope, camera, flowers and book to assist identification. Cultivated plant taxonomy is the study of the theory and practice of the science that identifies, describes, classifies, and names cultigens—those plants whose origin or selection is primarily due to intentional human activity.
An illustration of the protonium atom.. An onium (plural: onia) is a bound state of a particle and its antiparticle. [1] These states are usually named by adding the suffix -onium to the name of one of the constituent particles (replacing an -on suffix when present), with one exception for "muonium"; a muon–antimuon bound pair is called "true muonium" to avoid confusion with old nomenclature.
In insulators or semiconductors a collective screening cannot take place and the muon will usually pick up one electron and form a so-called muonium (Mu=μ + +e −), which has similar size (Bohr radius), reduced mass, and ionization energy to the hydrogen atom. This is the prototype of the so-called paramagnetic state.
Unlike muonium, positronium does not have a nucleus analogue, because the electron and the positron have equal masses. [26] Consequently, while muonium tends to behave like a light isotope of hydrogen, [ 27 ] positronium shows large differences in size, polarisability, and binding energy from hydrogen.