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In chemistry, the descriptor geminal (from Latin gemini 'twins' [1]) refers to the relationship between two atoms or functional groups that are attached to the same atom. A geminal diol, for example, is a diol (a molecule that has two alcohol functional groups) attached to the same carbon atom, as in methanediol.
Benitoite occurs in a number of isolated locations globally, but gemstone quality material has only been found in California at the Benito Gem Mine where it was first discovered. It has been correctly identified in Montana , Arkansas , Japan , and Australia although they formed under slightly different conditions and only grow large enough to ...
Kunz noted that the finest crystal recovered prior to 1892 measured 68 mm tall, and could have cut a gem of 5.5ct estimated weight. The size of most cut gems were small, with a 2ct hiddenite in the Augustus C. Hamlin collection being considered among the finest of the large stones. The coloring agent is chromium. Colors can gradually fade.
This a public gem mine located in the Piedmont of North Carolina in Alexander County, specifically in the town of Hiddenite. [2] At the mine, more than 63 different types of gems and minerals can be found including emeralds, amethyst, sapphire, aquamarine, topaz, garnet, as well as the stone Hiddenite, which is a stone only found in this local ...
One source is the Deqing Fluorite Mine, in Deqing County, Zhejiang Province, [1]: 40 the only source (other than in Derbyshire) that has an ornamental craft based upon it. [ 1 ] : 38 However, although this fluorite is similar to Blue John its banding is straighter and it contains colours not associated with Blue John, suggesting they are ...
A geminal diol (or gem-diol for short) is any organic compound having two hydroxyl functional groups (-O H) bound to the same carbon atom. Geminal diols are a subclass of the diols, which in turn are a special class of alcohols. Most of the geminal diols are considered unstable. The simplest geminal diol is methanediol CH 4 O 2 or H 2 C(OH) 2 ...
The mineral is also referred to as lavulite, luvulite, and royal azel by gem and mineral collectors. [3] In Japan, sugilite is found as yellowish-white to colourless, and is not good for jewellery. [6] Sugilite on Matrix, Wessels Mine in Northern Cape Province, South Africa, size: 2.4 × 2.1 × 1.2 cm Sugilite owl and mouse, height 9 cm (3.5 in)
Cassiterite is a tin oxide mineral, SnO 2.It is generally opaque, but it is translucent in thin crystals.Its luster and multiple crystal faces produce a desirable gem. . Cassiterite was the chief tin ore throughout ancient history and remains the most important source of t