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Some of the early solar watches of the 1970s had innovative and unique designs to accommodate the array of photovoltaic solar cells needed to power them (Synchronar, Nepro, Sicura and some models by Cristalonic, Alba, Rhythm, Seiko and Citizen). In 1996, Citizen started to sell analog light-powered watches under the Eco-Drive name. [2]
Seiko produces watches with quartz, kinetic, solar, and mechanical movements of varying prices, ranging from around ¥4,000 (US$45) to ¥50,000,000 (US$554,000). [28] Seiko has created many different brands in Japan and the international market including Lorus, Pulsar , and Alba .
The watches had an average monthly rate of ±15 sec and provided 75 hours of continuous operation when fully powered. Early automatic quartz movements were called AGS (Automatic Generating System). In 1991 the company introduced the Kinetic brand name. [4] Today Seiko offers a wide range of watches with various Kinetic movements.
The technical platform that made the Eco-Drive concept possible was the Eco-Drive caliber 7878 movement. This movement was the first light-powered movement where the solar cells could be mounted under the dial. Previous light powered watches from Citizen and other manufacturers had the solar cell(s) mounted directly on the dial.
The Spring Drive movement was announced publicly in 1997 and presented at the 1998 Basel Watch Fair. [1] [8] In 1999, the first production models were made available in Japan as limited edition, manual-wind watches in both the Credor and Seiko brands. [2] [5] [8] The first non-limited model was released in Japan in 2002. [5]
Rechargeable batteries are used in some solar-powered watches. Some electronic watches are powered by the movement of the wearer. For instance, Seiko's kinetic-powered quartz watches use the motion of the wearer's arm: turning a rotating weight which causes a tiny generator to supply power to charge a rechargeable battery that runs the watch ...