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Plutonium(IV) oxide, or plutonia, is a chemical compound with the formula Pu O 2. This high melting-point solid is a principal compound of plutonium . It can vary in color from yellow to olive green, depending on the particle size, temperature and method of production.
It is the acid anion that influences the degree of complexing—how atoms connect to a central atom—of the plutonium species. Additionally, the formal +2 oxidation state of plutonium is known in the complex [K(2.2.2-cryptand)] [Pu II Cp″ 3], Cp″ = C 5 H 3 (SiMe 3) 2. [5] A +8 oxidation state is possible as well in the volatile tetroxide ...
Fission product yields by mass for thermal neutron fission of U-235 and Pu-239 (the two typical of current nuclear power reactors) and U-233 (used in the thorium cycle). This page discusses each of the main elements in the mixture of fission products produced by nuclear fission of the common nuclear fuels uranium and plutonium.
Additionally, the formal +2 oxidation state of plutonium is known in the complex [K(2.2.2-cryptand)] [Pu II Cp″ 3], Cp″ = C 5 H 3 (SiMe 3) 2. [37] A +8 oxidation state is possible as well in the volatile tetroxide PuO 4. [38] Though it readily decomposes via a reduction mechanism similar to FeO 4, PuO 4 can be stabilized in alkaline ...
Reactor-grade plutonium (RGPu) [1] [2] is the isotopic grade of plutonium that is found in spent nuclear fuel after the uranium-235 primary fuel that a nuclear power reactor uses has burnt up. The uranium-238 from which most of the plutonium isotopes derive by neutron capture is found along with the U-235 in the low enriched uranium fuel of ...
where the factor f has been rewritten as f' to account for the fact that the two values may differ depending upon geometrical effects and how one defines Σ. For example, for a bare solid sphere of 239 Pu criticality is at 320 kg/m 2, regardless of density, and for 235 U at 550 kg/m 2. In any case, criticality then depends upon a typical ...
Weapons-grade plutonium is defined as containing no more than 7% 240 Pu; this is achieved by only exposing 238 U to neutron sources for short periods of time to minimize the 240 Pu produced. Plutonium is classified according to the percentage of the contaminant plutonium-240 that it contains: Supergrade 2–3%; Weapons grade 3–7%; Fuel grade ...
In nuclear power technology, burnup is a measure of how much energy is extracted from a given amount of nuclear fuel [1].It may be measured as the fraction of fuel atoms that underwent fission in %FIMA (fissions per initial heavy metal atom) [2] or %FIFA (fissions per initial fissile atom) [3] as well as the actual energy released per mass of initial fuel in gigawatt-days/metric ton of heavy ...