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Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together.
Self-fertilization, where pollen from a plant will fertilise reproductive cells or ovules of the same plant Cross-pollination , where pollen from one plant can only fertilize a different plant Asexual propagation (e.g. runners from strawberry plants) where the new plant is genetically identical to its parent
Selective breeding played a crucial role in the Green Revolution of the 20th century. Modern plant breeding is applied genetics, but its scientific basis is broader, covering molecular biology, cytology, systematics, physiology, pathology, entomology, chemistry, and statistics . It has also developed its own technology.
Marker assisted selection or marker aided selection (MAS) is an indirect selection process where a trait of interest is selected based on a marker (morphological, biochemical or DNA/RNA variation) linked to a trait of interest (e.g. productivity, disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and quality), rather than on the trait itself.
The Plant Patent Act of 1930 gave plant breeders the same status as mechanical and chemical inventors had through patent law. [2] The early objectives of the breeding stations were to develop new varieties to better satisfy the American demand for better dessert, canning and freezing varieties. [1]
Plant breeding started with sedentary agriculture, particularly the domestication of the first agricultural plants, a practice which is estimated to date back 9,000 to 11,000 years. Initially, early human farmers selected food plants with particular desirable characteristics and used these as a seed source for subsequent generations, resulting ...
The idea of using CCPs in plant breeding was published in 1956 [3] based on the barley composite cross devised by Harry Harlan and Mary Martini in 1929. [ 4 ] [ 3 ] Yield data for 4 different populations for 8–28 years were presented in the article and after 8–15 years of repeated breeding under natural selection , the populations out ...
A cultivar is a kind of cultivated plant that people have selected for desired traits and which retains those traits when propagated.Methods used to propagate cultivars include division, root and stem cuttings, offsets, grafting, tissue culture, or carefully controlled seed production.