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  2. Input–output memory management unit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input–output_memory...

    In computing, an input–output memory management unit (IOMMU) is a memory management unit (MMU) connecting a direct-memory-access–capable (DMA-capable) I/O bus to the main memory. Like a traditional MMU, which translates CPU -visible virtual addresses to physical addresses , the IOMMU maps device-visible virtual addresses (also called device ...

  3. VGA text mode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VGA_text_mode

    The VGA text buffer is located at physical memory address 0xB8000. [14] Since this address is usually used by 16-bit x86 processes operating in real-mode, it is also the first half of memory segment 0xB800. The text buffer data can be read and written, and bitwise operations can be applied. A part of text buffer memory above the scope of the ...

  4. Graphics address remapping table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_address_remapping...

    The graphics address remapping table (GART), [1] also known as the graphics aperture remapping table, [2] or graphics translation table (GTT), [3] is an I/O memory management unit (IOMMU) used by Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) and PCI Express (PCIe) graphics cards.

  5. Memory management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_management

    Memory management (also dynamic memory management, dynamic storage allocation, or dynamic memory allocation) is a form of resource management applied to computer memory.The essential requirement of memory management is to provide ways to dynamically allocate portions of memory to programs at their request, and free it for reuse when no longer needed.

  6. Glossary of computer graphics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_computer_graphics

    A stage in a rendering pipeline, filtering out 3D models whose bounding volumes fail an intersection test with the view frustum, allowing trivial rejection. Fresnel According to Fresnel equations, surfaces show more specular reflections when viewed at near-grazing incidence. This effect is often simulated in computer graphics. FXAA

  7. Video random-access memory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_random-access_memory

    GDDR5X SDRAM on an NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 Ti graphics card. Video random-access memory (VRAM) is dedicated computer memory used to store the pixels and other graphics data as a framebuffer to be rendered on a computer monitor. [1] It often uses a different technology than other computer memory, in order to be read quickly for display on a screen.

  8. Dynamic video memory technology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_video_memory...

    The amount of video memory is dependent upon the amount of pre-allocated video memory plus DVMT allocation. DVMT, as its name implies, dynamically allocates system memory for use as video memory to ensure more available resources for 2D/3D graphics performance, e.g. for graphically demanding games.

  9. Framebuffer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Framebuffer

    This circuitry converts an in-memory bitmap into a video signal that can be displayed on a computer monitor. In computing , a screen buffer is a part of computer memory used by a computer application for the representation of the content to be shown on the computer display . [ 3 ]