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Isotretinoin, a sebosuppressive agent, may be used to reduce sebaceous gland activity as a last resort in refractory disease. [29] However, isotretinoin has potentially serious side effects, and few patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis are appropriate candidates for therapy.
Retinoids are medications that reduce inflammation, normalize the follicle cell life cycle, and reduce sebum production. [47] [97] They are structurally related to vitamin A. [97] Studies show dermatologists and primary care doctors underprescribe them for acne. [15] The retinoids appear to influence the cell life cycle in the follicle lining.
The application of 2% topical nicotinamide for 2 and 4 weeks has been found to be effective in lowering the sebum excretion rate. [20] Nicotinamide has been shown to prevent Cutibacterium acnes-induced activation of toll-like receptor 2, which ultimately results in the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory interleukin-8 production. [21]
Major components of earwax include cerumen, produced by a type of modified sweat gland, and sebum, an oily substance. Both components are made by glands located in the outer [2] ear canal. The chemical composition of earwax includes saturated and unsaturated long chain fatty acids, alcohols, squalene, and cholesterol.
The equivalent fatty acid in mouse sebum is palmitoleic acid. [1] Sapienic acid salts, esters, anion, and conjugate base are known as sapienates. Deficient production of sapienic acid has been implicated in the development of atopic dermatitis, [2] and sapienic acid has potent antibacterial activity against pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus.
Dandruff is a skin condition of the scalp. [1] Symptoms include flaking and sometimes mild itchiness. [1] [2] It can result in social or self-esteem problems. [4]A more severe form of the condition, which includes inflammation of the skin, is known as seborrhoeic dermatitis.
The skin mite Demodex folliculorum produce lipases that allow them to use sebum as a source of food therefore they have a high affinity for sebaceous skin sites. Although it is a part of the commensal skin microbiota, patients affected with rosacea show an increase in D. folliculorum compared to healthy individuals, suggesting pathogenicity .
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, 5α-DHT, androstanolone or stanolone) is an endogenous androgen sex steroid and hormone primarily involved in the growth and repair of the prostate and the penis, as well as the production of sebum and body hair composition.