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Visual autoethnography has been noted by various scholars as a methodology which challenges power relations for the maker and the viewer. [1] [3] [4] Drawing on the work of Mary Louise Pratt and bell hooks in his research on gang photography, Richard T. Rodríguez refers to the autoethnography as "a practice in which colonized subjects turn the gaze inward."
Ethnographic mapping is a technique used by anthropologists to record and visually display activity of research participants within a given space over time. Ethnographic mapping is used to show and understand human interaction within a layout that displays events, places, and resources. Anthropologists can use the contents of space and time to ...
Anthropologists began conducting ethnographic research in the mid-1800s to study the cultures people they deemed "exotic" and/or "primitive." [15]: 6 Typically, these early ethnographers aimed to merely observe and write "objective" accounts of these groups to provide others a better understanding of various cultures.
In applied business disciplines, such as in marketing, [7] fieldwork is a standard research method both for commercial purposes, like market research, [8] and academic research. For instance, researchers have used ethnography , netnography , and in-depth interviews within Consumer Culture Theory , a field that aims to understand the ...
Also emerging in multi-sited ethnography are greater interdisciplinary approaches to fieldwork, bringing in methods from cultural studies, media studies, science and technology studies, and others. In multi-sited ethnography, research tracks a subject across spatial and temporal boundaries.
Applied anthropology is the practical application of anthropological theories, methods, and practices to the analysis and solution of practical problems. The term was first put forward by Daniel G. Brinton in his paper "The Aims of Anthropology". [1] John Van Willengen defined applied anthropology as "anthropology put to use". [2]
Educational anthropologists are also interested in the education of marginal and peripheral communities within large nation states. [2] Overall, educational anthropology tends to be considered as an applied field, as the focus of educational anthropology is on improving teaching learning process within classroom settings. [3]
In the United States, the field arose out of the study of American Indian communities required by the Indian Claims Commission. It gained a pragmatic rather than a theoretical orientation, with practitioners testifying both for and against Indian claims. The emerging methodology used documentary historical sources and ethnographic methods.