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Arab scholars at an Abbasid library in Baghdad. Maqamat of al-Hariri Illustration, 1237. Arab scientists and scholars from the Muslim World, including Al-Andalus (Spain), who lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age, include the following. The list consists primarily of scholars during the Middle Ages.
The following is a list of internationally recognized Muslim scholars of medieval Islamic civilization who have been described as the father or the founder of a field by some modern scholars: Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi: Father of Modern Surgery [1] and the Father of Operative Surgery. [2] Ibn al-Nafis: Father of Circulatory Physiology and Anatomy.
Ibn Sirin (654–728), author of work on dreams and dream interpretation [6]; Al-Kindi (801–873) (Alkindus), pioneer of psychotherapy and music therapy [7]; Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari (9th century), pioneer of psychiatry, clinical psychiatry and clinical psychology [8]
Lists of Muslim scientists and scholars cover scientists and scholars who were active in the Islamic world before the modern era. They include: List of scientists in medieval Islamic world; List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars; List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars; List of Muslim Nobel laureates
The following is a list of Muslim historians writing in the Islamic historiographical tradition, which developed from hadith literature in the time of the first caliphs. ...
Muslim scholars made advances to the map-making traditions of earlier cultures, [1] explorers and merchants learned in their travels across the Old World (Afro-Eurasia). [1] Islamic geography had three major fields: exploration and navigation, physical geography, and cartography and mathematical geography. [1]
This is a list of Christian scientists and scholars from the Muslim world and Spain who lived during medieval Islam up until the beginning of the modern age. Christian converts to Islam are also included. The following Muslim naming articles are not used for indexing: Al - the; ibn, bin, banu - son of; abu - father of, the one with
Ulama, guardians, transmitters, and interpreters of religious knowledge in Islam; Allamah, Islamic honorary title for a scholar; Mullah, Muslim clergy or mosque leader; List of da'is