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A model of communication is a simplified presentation that aims to give a basic explanation of the process by highlighting its most fundamental characteristics and components. [16] [8] [17] For example, James Watson and Anne Hill see Lasswell's model as a mere questioning device and not as a full model of communication. [10]
Many models of communication include the idea that a sender encodes a message and uses a channel to transmit it to a receiver. Noise may distort the message along the way. The receiver then decodes the message and gives some form of feedback. [1] Models of communication simplify or represent the process of communication.
The Shannon–Weaver model is one of the first models of communication. Initially published in the 1948 paper " A Mathematical Theory of Communication ", it explains communication in terms of five basic components: a source, a transmitter, a channel , a receiver, and a destination.
Schramm's model of communication was published by Wilbur Schramm in 1954. It is one of the earliest interaction models of communication. [1] [2] [3] It was conceived as a response to and an improvement over earlier attempts in the form of linear transmission models, like the Shannon–Weaver model and Lasswell's model.
To conclude, while Hall's Encoding/Decoding model of communication is highly evaluated and widely used in research, it has been criticised as it contains some unsolved problems. This section discussed some flaws in the original model and introduced proposed revisions to Hall's typology.
Hall's model of communication moved away from the view that the media had the power to directly cause a certain behavior in an individual, while at the same time holding onto the role of media as an agenda-setting function. Hall's model put forward three central premises: (1) the same event can be encoded in more than one way; (2) the message ...
In this model, the use of communication skills is applied to his theory for the source to communicate effectively he/she needs to have good communication skills. Communication skills should include listening, speaking, reading, and writing. It is important to know how to effectively communicate to apply this model.
Barnlund's model of interpersonal communication. The orange circles represent the communicators. The other colored areas symbolize different types of cues. Communication takes place by decoding cues (orange arrows) and encoding behavioral responses (yellow arrows). Barnlund's model is an influential transactional model of communication. It was ...