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Latrodectus mactans, known as southern black widow or simply black widow, and the shoe-button spider, [citation needed] is a venomous species of spider in the genus Latrodectus. The females are well known for their distinctive black and red coloring and for the fact that they will occasionally eat their mates after reproduction.
The genus Latrodectus was erected by Charles Athanase Walckenaer in 1805, for the species Latrodectus tredecimguttatus and Latrodectus mactans. [ 1 ] [ 25 ] Arachnologist Herbert Walter Levi revised the genus in 1959, studying the female sexual organs and noting their similarity across described species.
Latrodectism (/ l æ t r ə ˈ d ɛ k t ɪ z əm /) is the illness caused by the bite of Latrodectus spiders (the black widow spider and related species). Pain, muscle rigidity, vomiting, and sweating are the symptoms of latrodectism.
Latrodectus mactans hasselti Chrysanthus, 1975 The redback spider ( Latrodectus hasselti ), also known as the Australian black widow , [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] is a species of highly venomous spider believed to originate in Australia but now, Southeast Asia and New Zealand , it has also been found in packing crates in the United States with colonies ...
α-Latrotoxin (α-LTX) can naturally be found in widow spiders of the genus Latrodectus. The most widely known of those spiders are the black widows, Latrodectus mactans. [4] The venom of widow spiders (Latrodectus) contains several protein toxins, called latrotoxins, which selectively target either vertebrates, insects or crustaceans. One of ...
Latrodectus mactans, the southern black widow; Latrodectus variolus, the northern black widow; Eurasian species. Latrodectus tredecimguttatus, the Mediterranean ...
Latrodectus geometricus, commonly known as the brown widow, [2] [3] brown button spider, grey widow, brown black widow, [3] house button spider or geometric button spider, is one of the widow spiders in the genus Latrodectus. As such, it is a 'cousin' to the more infamous Latrodectus mactans (black widow).
Latrodectus mactans (Fabricius, 1775) — Probably native to North America only. Introduced to South America, Asia; Latrodectus menavodi Vinson, 1863 — Madagascar, Comoros, Seychelles (Aldabra) Latrodectus mirabilis (Holmberg, 1876) — Argentina; Latrodectus obscurior Dahl, 1902 — Cape Verde Is., Madagascar