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The Burmese alphabet was derived from the Pyu script, the Old Mon script, or directly from a South Indian script, [3] either the Kadamba or Pallava alphabet. [1] The earliest evidence of the Burmese alphabet is dated to 1035, while a casting made in the 18th century of an old stone inscription points to 984. [ 1 ]
[5] [note 1] The second Old Mon script was used in what is now Lower Burma (Lower Myanmar), and is believed to have been derived from Kadamba or Grantha. According to mainstream colonial period scholarship, the Dvaravati script was the parent of Burma Mon, which in turn was the parent of the Old Burmese script, and the Old Mon script of ...
Burma (Myanmar) Media type: Print (paperback) Pages: ... and at times also in the Latin alphabet. Their meaning was given in both Burmese and English. Reception
The modern Mon alphabet has several letters and diacritics that do not exist in Burmese, such as the stacking diacritic for medial 'l', which is placed underneath the letter. [8] There is a great deal of discrepancy between the written and spoken forms of Mon, with a single pronunciation capable of having several spellings. [9]
Old Burmese was an early form of the Burmese language, as attested in the stone inscriptions of Pagan, and is the oldest phase of Burmese linguistic history.The transition to Middle Burmese occurred in the 16th century. [1]
The Constitution of Myanmar officially refers to it as the Myanmar language in English, [3] though most English speakers continue to refer to the language as Burmese, after Burma—a name with co-official status until 1989 (see Names of Myanmar). Burmese is the most widely-spoken language in the country, where it serves as the lingua franca. [4]
The Jingpo writing system is a Latin-based alphabet consisting of 23 letters, and very little use of diacritical marks, originally created by American Baptist missionaries in the late 19th century. Ola Hanson, one of the people who created the alphabet, arrived in Myanmar in 1890, learnt the language and wrote the first Kachin–English dictionary.
This adaptation eventually resulted in the Shan alphabet, as well as the Tai Le script, Ahom script and Khamti script. [4] This group of scripts has been called the "Lik Tai" scripts or "Lik" scripts, and are used by various Tai peoples in northeastern India, northern Myanmar, southwestern Yunnan, and northwestern Laos. [5]