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Most IGCSE subjects offer a choice of tiered examinations: Core or Extended papers (in Cambridge International), and Foundation or Higher papers (in Edexcel). This is designed to make IGCSE suitable for students with varying levels of ability. In some subjects, IGCSE can be taken with or without coursework.
Transformation problem: The transformation problem is the problem specific to Marxist economics, and not to economics in general, of finding a general rule by which to transform the values of commodities based on socially necessary labour time into the competitive prices of the marketplace. The essential difficulty is how to reconcile profit in ...
A complete rewrite of The Economy 1.0, The Economy 2.0 brings together the latest research in economics and related disciplines, with the feedback CORE Econ have received over the years from committed instructors. Building on the successful features of The Economy 1.0, The Economy 2.0 introduces important innovations: [12]
The earlier term for the discipline was "political economy", but since the late 19th century, it has commonly been called "economics". [22] The term is ultimately derived from Ancient Greek οἰκονομία (oikonomia) which is a term for the "way (nomos) to run a household (oikos)", or in other words the know-how of an οἰκονομικός (oikonomikos), or "household or homestead manager".
However the exam papers of the GCSE sometimes had a choice of questions, designed for the more able and the less able candidates. When introduced the GCSEs were graded from A to G, with a C being set as roughly equivalent to an O-Level Grade C or a CSE Grade 1 and thus achievable by roughly the top 25% of each cohort.
In the 1970s, the Council was one of the first global voices in favour of supply-side economics, including lower taxes and less government interference in the economy. [10] In 2002, the Council's annual report offered a blueprint for labour market reforms enacted by Chancellor Gerhard Schröder the following year. [11]
Raymond Durgnat (1932–2002), English film critic, opponent of structuralism and its associated far-left politics, advocate of frequently-derided film-maker Michael Powell, opponent of left wing intellectuals, supporter of working-class culture, descended from French Huguenot refugees who fled to Switzerland.