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The extensor digitorum muscle (also known as extensor digitorum communis) [2] is a muscle of the posterior forearm present in humans and other animals. It extends the medial four digits of the hand. Extensor digitorum is innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve, which is a branch of the radial nerve. [3]
The extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) has the most proximal origin of the extrinsic hand extensors. It originates just distal to the brachioradialis at the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus, the lateral intermuscular septum, and by a few fibers at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. [1]
Extensor carpi radialis longus; Extensor carpi radialis brevis; Extensor carpi ulnaris; Extensor digitorum; of phalanges, at all joints Posterior compartment of the forearm. Extensor digitorum; Extensor digiti minimi (little finger only) Extensor indicis (index finger only) of phalanges, at interphalangeal joints [4] Lumbricals of the hand
The intrinsic muscle groups are the thenar and hypothenar (little finger) muscles; the interossei muscles (four dorsally and three volarly) originating between the metacarpal bones; and the lumbrical muscles arising from the deep flexor (and which are special because they have no bony origin) to insert on the dorsal extensor hood mechanism.
The extensor indicis proprius usually runs and inserts onto the ulnar side of the extensor digitorum communis of the index finger. [4] The fifth compartment is occupied by the extensor digiti minimi, the extensor of the little finger. The extensor carpi ulnaris passes through the sixth compartment to insert to the base of the fifth metacarpal bone.
It arises from the lateral condyle of the tibia; from the upper three-quarters of the anterior surface of the body of the fibula; from the upper part of the interosseous membrane; from the deep surface of the fascia; and from the intermuscular septa between it and the tibialis anterior on the medial, and the peroneal muscles on the lateral side.
Flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus, lumbricals, and interossei, assisted in the case of the little finger by the flexor digiti minimi brevis: extensor digitorum communis, extensor indicis proprius, and extensor digiti minimi muscle: thumb: flexor pollicis longus and brevis: extensor pollicis longus and brevis
Specifically, these extensor muscles include the anconeus muscle, the supinator, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, and extensor carpi ulnaris. [1] In birds, where the arm is somewhat rotated compared to other tetrapods, it is termed dorsal epicondyle of the humerus.