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List of Arab scientists and scholars; List of Austrian scientists; List of Azerbaijani scientists and philosophers; List of Brazilian scientists; List of Bangladeshi scientists. List of British Jewish scientists; List of Cornish scientists; List of Scottish scientists; List of Welsh scientists; List of Byzantine scholars (including scientists)
Emery Molyneux (1500–1598), astronomer; William Gilbert (1544–1603), physician and philosopher; John Gerard (1545–1612), botanist; Robert Hues (1553–1632), geographer and mathematician
Michael Maestlin (1550-1631), mathematician, astronomer, Kepler's mentor; Johannes Remus Quietanus, astronomer; Paul Hermann (1645-1696), botanist; Johannes Kepler (1571-1630), mathematician and astronomer, He is a key figure in the 17th-century Scientific Revolution, best known for his laws of planetary motion, and his books Astronomia nova, Harmonice Mundi, and Epitome Astronomiae ...
Stanford R. Ovshinsky, scientist and inventor, had no college education. Walter Pitts, a cognitive scientist, was an autodidact. He taught himself mathematical logic, psychology, and neuroscience. He was one of the scientists who laid the foundations of cognitive sciences, artificial intelligence, and cybernetics.
[6] [citation needed] He is most famous, though, for having helped transmit knowledge of mathematics and astronomy to Muslim Spain and Christian Western Europe. Abulcasis (936-1013), a physician and scientist in Al-Andalus, is considered to be the father of modern surgery. He wrote numerous medical texts, developed many innovative surgical ...
[5] 18 women have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, the second highest number of any of the Nobel Prizes behind the Nobel Peace Prize. [6] [7] As of 2024, there have been 29 English-speaking laureates of the Nobel Prize in Literature, followed by French with 16 laureates and German with 14 laureates. France has the highest number of ...
Throughout the 19th century mathematics became increasingly abstract. Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) epitomizes this trend. He did revolutionary work on functions of complex variables, in geometry, and on the convergence of series, leaving aside his many contributions to science.
Events in Europe such as the Galileo affair of the early-17th century – associated with the scientific revolution and the Age of Enlightenment – led scholars such as John William Draper to postulate (c. 1874) a conflict thesis, suggesting that religion and science have been in conflict methodologically, factually and politically throughout ...