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Selenium is toxic in high concentrations. As sodium selenite, the chronic toxic dose for human beings was described as about 2.4 to 3 milligrams of selenium per day. [7] In 2000, the US Institute of Medicine set the adult Tolerable upper intake levels (UL) for selenium from all sources - food, drinking water and dietary supplements - at 400 μg/day. [8]
Chosen for its selenium content and high solubility, sodium selenate is a common ingredient in over-the-counter vitamin supplements. Selenium is a trace essential element. Sodium selenate and selenite are also common in premix animal feed. Neither compound has demonstrated a difference in the amount of selenium absorbed.
The element selenium exhibits several valence states. Selenate is the least reduced, followed by selenite, and elemental selenium; selenide is even more reduced than elemental selenium. [6] The valence state is an important factor to the toxicity of selenium. Selenate is the form required by organisms that need selenium as a micronutrient.
Selenium trioxide is produced in the laboratory by the reaction of anhydrous potassium selenate (K 2 SeO 4) and sulfur trioxide (SO 3). [7] Salts of selenous acid are called selenites. These include silver selenite (Ag 2 SeO 3) and sodium selenite (Na 2 SeO 3). Hydrogen sulfide reacts with aqueous selenous acid to produce selenium disulfide:
The common mineral selenite is not a selenium mineral, and contains no selenite ion, but is rather a type of gypsum (calcium sulfate hydrate) named like selenium for the moon well before the discovery of selenium. Selenium is most commonly found as an impurity, replacing a small part of the sulfur in sulfide ores of many metals.
Selenite refers to the anion with the chemical formula Se O 2− 3. It is the oxyanion of selenium. It is the selenium analog of the sulfite ion, SO 2− 3. Thus selenite is pyramidal and selenium is assigned oxidation state +4. Selenite also refers to compounds that contains this ion, for example sodium selenite Na 2 SeO 3 which is a common ...
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Selenium yeast is a feed additive for livestock, used to increase the selenium content in their fodder. It is a form of selenium currently approved for human consumption in the EU and Britain. [1] Inorganic forms of selenium are used in feeds (namely sodium selenate and sodium selenite, which appear to work