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Lymphangiectasia, also known as "lymphangiectasis", [1] is a pathologic dilation of lymph vessels. [2] When it occurs in the intestines it is known as intestinal lymphangiectasia, colloquially recognized as Waldmann's disease in cases where there is no secondary cause. [ 3 ]
Hennekam syndrome, also known as intestinal lymphagiectasia–lymphedema–mental retardation syndrome, [1] is an autosomal recessive disorder consisting of intestinal lymphangiectasia, facial anomalies, peripheral lymphedema, and mild to moderate levels of growth and intellectual disability.
The signs and symptoms of protein losing enteropathy include diarrhea, fever, and general abdominal discomfort. [4] Swelling of the legs due to peripheral edema can also occur; however, if the PLE is related to a systemic disease such as congestive heart failure or constrictive pericarditis, then these symptoms could be due directly to the underlying illness. [2]
Waldmann's disease, Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia Waldmann disease, also known as Primary Intestinal Lymphangiectasia (PIL), is a rare disease [ 1 ] characterized by enlargement of the lymph vessels supplying the lamina propria of the small intestine . [ 2 ]
The direct cause of lymphatic malformation is a blockage of the lymphatic system as a fetus develops, although symptoms may not become visible until after the baby is born. The cause remains unknown. Why the embryonic lymph sacs remain disconnected from the rest of the lymphatic system is also not known. [7]
Other causes of Lymphangitis could be from Arthropod bites and Iatrogenic causes. [4] Lymphangitis is sometimes mistakenly called "blood poisoning". In reality, "blood poisoning" is synonymous with sepsis. Lymphatic vessels are smaller than capillaries and tiny venules and are ubiquitous in the body.
Similarly, benign and cancerous non-infectious conditions may also present in a similar manner, such as angiokeratoma, dermatitis herpetiformis, hemangioma, epidermal nevus, lymphangiectasia, melanoma, angiosarcoma, and metastatic carcinomas.
Diseases and disorder. Hodgkin's Disease/Hodgkin's Lymphoma Hodgkin lymphoma This is a type of cancer of the lymphatic system. It can start almost anywhere in the body. It is believed to be caused by HIV, Epstein-Barr Syndrome, age, and family history.