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The central cylindrical projection with a 15° graticule, approximately to latitude ±72°. Distortion is noticeably worse than that of the Mercator projection. The central cylindrical projection formed on photographic film wrapped around a semitransparent globe by shadows cast from a light at its middle
Cylindrical equal-area projection with standard parallels at 45°N/S and an aspect ratio of π/2 ≈ 1.571. Similar is Balthasart with standard parallels at 50°N/S and Tobler’s world in a square with standard parallels around 55.66°N/S. c. 1850: Central cylindrical: Cylindrical Perspective (unknown)
Miller projection with 1,000 km indicatrices of distortion. The Miller cylindrical projection is a modified Mercator projection , proposed by Osborn Maitland Miller in 1942. The latitude is scaled by a factor of 4 ⁄ 5 , projected according to Mercator, and then the result is multiplied by 5 ⁄ 4 to retain scale along the equator. [ 1 ]
In Metropolitan France, the official projection is Lambert-93, [6] a Lambert conic projection using RGF93 geodetic system [7] and defined by references parallels that are 44°N and 49°N. The National Spatial Framework for India uses Datum WGS84 with a LCC projection and is a recommended NNRMS standard.
The projection found on these maps, dating to 1511, was stated by John Snyder in 1987 to be the same projection as Mercator's. [6] However, given the geometry of a sundial, these maps may well have been based on the similar central cylindrical projection, a limiting case of the gnomonic projection, which is the basis for a sundial. Snyder ...
oblique Mercator projection. The oblique Mercator map projection is an adaptation of the standard Mercator projection. The oblique version is sometimes used in national mapping systems. When paired with a suitable geodetic datum, the oblique Mercator delivers high accuracy in zones less than a few degrees in arbitrary directional extent.
The various cylindrical projections are distinguished from each other solely by their north-south stretching (where latitude is given by φ): The only normal cylindrical projections that preserve area have a north-south compression precisely the reciprocal of east-west stretching (cos φ). This divides north-south distances by a factor equal to ...
Gall stereographic projection of the world. 15° graticule. Gall stereographic projection with 1,000 km indicatrices of distortion. The Gall stereographic projection, presented by James Gall in 1855, is a cylindrical projection. It is neither equal-area nor conformal but instead tries to balance the distortion inherent in any projection.