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Stoicism considers all existence as cyclical, the cosmos as eternally self-creating and self-destroying (see also Eternal return). Stoicism does not posit a beginning or end to the Universe. [32] According to the Stoics, the logos was the active reason or anima mundi pervading and animating the entire Universe. It was conceived as material and ...
The Paradoxa Stoicorum (English: Stoic Paradoxes) is a work by the academic skeptic philosopher Cicero in which he attempts to explain six famous Stoic sayings that appear to go against common understanding: (1) virtue is the sole good; (2) virtue is the sole requisite for happiness; (3) all good deeds are equally virtuous and all bad deeds equally vicious; (4) all fools are mad; (5) only the ...
Gaius Musonius Rufus (/ ˈ r uː f ə s /; Ancient Greek: Μουσώνιος Ῥοῦφος) was a Roman Stoic philosopher of the 1st century AD. He taught philosophy in Rome during the reign of Nero and so was sent into exile in 65 AD, returning to Rome only under Galba.
The Stoics used the word to discuss many common emotions such as anger, fear and excessive joy. [3] A passion is a disturbing and misleading force in the mind which occurs because of a failure to reason correctly. [2] For the Stoic Chrysippus the passions are evaluative judgements. [4]
A History of Ancient Philosophy. III. The systems of the Hellenistic Age, (translated by John R. Catan, 1985 Zeno, the Foundation of the Stoa, and the Different Phases of Stoicism) Schofield, Malcolm. The Stoic Idea of the City. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. ISBN 0226740064
Founded by the philosopher Zeno of Citium, the Stoic philosophy was founded around 300 BC in Athens, Greece. The four tenets of this philosophy are wisdom, courage, temperance and justice.
Followers of Epicurus were the main opponents of Stoicism and apatheia. Instead of apatheia, they believed in a similar form of living which is ataraxia, a related concept in Epicureanism. Some Latin Stoic authors, such as Seneca used the term interchangeably with apatheia. In Epicureanism, ataraxia comes from freedom from pain and fear and ...
Dionysius the Renegade (Ancient Greek: Διονύσιος ὁ Μεταθέμενος; c. 330 BC – c. 250 BC [1]), also known as Dionysius of Heraclea, was a Stoic philosopher and pupil of Zeno of Citium who, late in life, abandoned Stoicism when he became afflicted by terrible pain.