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There are traditionally four major historical capitals of China referred to as the "Four Great Ancient Capitals of China" (simplified Chinese: 中国四大古都; traditional Chinese: 中國四大古都; pinyin: Zhōngguó Sì Dà Gǔ Dū). The four are Beijing, Nanjing, Luoyang and Xi'an . [1]
As the last of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China, Beijing has been the political center of the country for most of the past eight centuries, [24] and was the largest city in the world by population for much of the second millennium AD. [25]
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Known as Chang'an throughout much of its history, Xi'an is one of China's Four Great Ancient Capitals, having held the position under several of the most important dynasties in Chinese history, [7] including the Western Zhou, Western Han, Sui, Northern Zhou and Tang. [7] Xi'an is now the second-most popular tourist destination in China. [8]
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Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist, the capital was moved, or the capital city was renamed. This is a list of such cities, sorted by country and then by date.
Located in north-central China, the ancient city of Xi’an has long been famous for its 2,000-year-old Terracotta Army, an attraction that draws travelers from all over the globe.
With the exception of Fuzhou, the provincial capital of Fujian Province, the provincial capitals of the other four provinces listed above – Guangzhou, Shenyang, Jinan, and Hangzhou – are themselves sub-provincial cities.