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The poor are disproportionately likely to be from an ethnic minority. The percentage of households with heads coming from ethnic minorities increased from 17,8 percent in 1993 to 40,7 percent in 2008. [27] The poor have limited education: people who have not completed primary education account for the highest rate of poverty. [27]
Vietnam has undergone major political upheaval and social inequality throughout its recent history and is attempting to modernise. Historically, education in Vietnam followed the Chinese Confucian model, using Chữ Hán (for the Vietnamese language and for Chinese) as the main mode of literature and governance. This system promoted those who ...
The Survey on Household Living Standards data set from 2008 showed that 1 in 3 children in Vietnam were poor. Despite the drop, child poverty remained much higher than the national poverty rate. Many children lacked access to the basic necessities of food, water, education and sanitation, especially in rural areas. [6]
Corruption is a very significant problem in Vietnam, impacting all aspects of administration, education and law enforcement. Vietnam is an authoritarian one-party state under the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV). In 2015, the party claimed that corruption had moved up the political agenda, and the legal framework for tackling corruption had ...
In an effort to support the reforms in Vietnam and foster the country's shift from a centrally planned economy to market-based economy, the WB's partnership with Vietnam has witnessed more than 270 projects or advisory and analytic activities conducted through strategic partnerships with four of the WBG's five organizations, covering areas including poverty reduction, education, rural and ...
Vietnam is a developing country with a lower-middle-income economy. It has high levels of corruption, censorship, environmental issues and a poor human rights record. It is part of international and intergovernmental institutions including the ASEAN, the APEC, the Non-Aligned Movement, the OIF, and the WTO.
The term re-education, with its pedagogical overtones, does not quite convey the quasi-mystical resonance of học tập cải tạo(學習改造) in Vietnamese. Cải ("to transform", from Sino-Vietnamese 改) and tạo ("to create", from Sino-Vietnamese 造) combine to literally mean an attempt at re-creation, and making over sinful or incomplete individuals.
Additionally xenophobia towards the Vietnamese may extend from cultural, political or economic divisions, such as Vietnam being situated within the affected Global South (mostly developing countries) or anti-communists being hostile against Vietnamese communist rule. Vietnam is mostly Kinh majority, but is also a multiethnic country.