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Torsion of a square section bar Example of torsion mechanics. In the field of solid mechanics, torsion is the twisting of an object due to an applied torque [1] [2].Torsion could be defined as strain [3] [4] or angular deformation [5], and is measured by the angle a chosen section is rotated from its equilibrium position [6].
The inverse is true as well: if the loading on a bone decreases, the bone will become less dense and weaker due to the lack of the stimulus required for continued remodeling. [5] This reduction in bone density ( osteopenia ) is known as stress shielding and can occur as a result of a hip replacement (or other prosthesis).
This type of stress may be called (simple) normal stress or uniaxial stress; specifically, (uniaxial, simple, etc.) tensile stress. [13] If the load is compression on the bar, rather than stretching it, the analysis is the same except that the force F and the stress σ {\displaystyle \sigma } change sign, and the stress is called compressive ...
Stress resultants are simplified representations of the stress state in structural elements such as beams, plates, or shells. [1] The geometry of typical structural elements allows the internal stress state to be simplified because of the existence of a "thickness'" direction in which the size of the element is much smaller than in other directions.
The stress is proportional to the strain, that is, obeys the general Hooke's law, and the slope is Young's modulus. In this region, the material undergoes only elastic deformation. The end of the stage is the initiation point of plastic deformation. The stress component of this point is defined as yield strength (or upper yield point, UYP for ...
In continuum mechanics, stress triaxiality is the relative degree of hydrostatic stress in a given stress state. [1] It is often used as a triaxiality factor, T.F, which is the ratio of the hydrostatic stress, σ m {\displaystyle \sigma _{m}} , to the Von Mises equivalent stress , σ e q {\displaystyle \sigma _{eq}} .
Similarly, the torsional stiffness of a straight section is = where is the rigidity modulus of the material, is the torsion constant for the section. Note that the torsional stiffness has dimensions [force] * [length] / [angle], so that its SI units are N*m/rad.
The torsion constant or torsion coefficient is a geometrical property of a bar's cross-section. It is involved in the relationship between angle of twist and applied torque along the axis of the bar, for a homogeneous linear elastic bar. The torsion constant, together with material properties and length, describes a bar's torsional stiffness.