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Each level in the hierarchy represents an increase in organisational complexity, with each "object" being primarily composed of the previous level's basic unit. [2] The basic principle behind the organisation is the concept of emergence —the properties and functions found at a hierarchical level are not present and irrelevant at the lower levels.
The main levels usually acknowledged are those of matter, life, mind, and society.These are called strata in philosopher Nicolai Hartmann's ontology.Levels can be further analyzed into more specific layers, such as those of particles, atoms, molecules, and rocks forming the material stratum, or those of cells, organisms, populations, and ecosystems forming the life stratum.
Subsequently, research has been done on the organizational life cycle for more than 120 years [10] and can be found in various literature on organizations. [15] Examples include the various stages in an organization's life cycle, phases of growth experienced by an organization during expansion and implications for these phases of growth. [16]
Below the level of living systems, he defines space and time, matter and energy, information and entropy, levels of organization, and physical and conceptual factors, and above living systems ecological, planetary and solar systems, galaxies, etc. [3] [4] [5] Miller's central thesis is that the multiple levels of living systems (cells, organs ...
Biologists can study life at multiple levels of organization, [1] from the molecular biology of a cell to the anatomy and physiology of plants and animals, and the evolution of populations. [1] [6] Hence, there are multiple subdisciplines within biology, each defined by the nature of their research questions and the tools that they use.
The community level is the functionally integrated system of interacting populations. The population level is the set of organizations engaged in similar activities. The organization level focuses on the individual organizations (some research further divides organizations into individual member and sub-unit levels [2]).
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English: The simplest unit of life is the atom, like oxygen. Two or more atoms is a molecule, like dioxide. Many molecules is a macromolecule, such as a phospholipid. Multiple macromolecules form a cell, like a Clara cell.