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Oxidation of pyrite in clay formations in contact with concrete – this produces sulfuric acid which reacts with concrete. Bacterial activity in sewers – anaerobic sulfate reduction at work in the organic-rich sludges accumulated under water in the conduits produces hydrogen sulfide gas (H 2 S).
Iron(II) sulfide or ferrous sulfide (Br.E. sulphide) is one of a family of chemical compounds and minerals with the approximate formula Fe S. Iron sulfides are often iron-deficient non-stoichiometric .
Iron sulfide or Iron sulphide can refer to range of chemical compounds composed of iron and sulfur. Minerals. By increasing order of stability: Iron(II) sulfide, FeS;
Example of flat piece of concrete having dislodged with corroded rebar underneath, Welland River bridge across Queen Elizabeth Way in Niagara Falls, Ontario. The expansion of the corrosion products (iron oxides) of carbon steel reinforcement structures may induce internal mechanical stress (tensile stress) that cause the formation of cracks and disrupt the concrete structure.
Iron(II,III) sulfide is a blue-black (sometimes pinkish [citation needed]) chemical compound of iron and sulfur with formula Fe 3 S 4 or FeS·Fe 2 S 3, which is much similar to iron(II,III) oxide. It occurs naturally as the sulfide mineral greigite and is magnetic. It is a bio-mineral produced by and found in magnetotactic bacteria.
These soils contain iron sulfide minerals (predominantly as the mineral pyrite) and/or their oxidation products. In an undisturbed state below the water table, acid sulfate soils are benign. However, if the soils are drained, excavated or otherwise exposed to air, the sulfides react with oxygen to form sulfuric acid. [1]
The hydrogen sulfide gas is biochemically oxidized in the presence of moisture to form sulfuric acid. The effect of sulfuric acid on concrete and steel surfaces exposed to severe wastewater environments can be devastating. [1] In the USA alone, corrosion causes sewer asset losses estimated at $14 billion per year. [2]
Mackinawite is an iron nickel sulfide mineral with the chemical formula (Fe,Ni) 1+x S (where x = 0 to 0.11). The mineral crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal system and has been described as a distorted, close packed, cubic array of S atoms with some of the gaps filled with Fe. [6]