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  2. Homology (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homology_(biology)

    The word homology, coined in about 1656, is derived from the Greek ὁμόλογος homologos from ὁμός homos 'same' and λόγος logos 'relation'. [8] [9] [a] Similar biological structures or sequences in different taxa are homologous if they are derived from a common ancestor. Homology thus implies divergent evolution.

  3. Comparative anatomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_anatomy

    Homologous structures - structures (body parts/anatomy) which are similar in different species because the species have common descent and have evolved, usually divergently, from a shared ancestor. They may or may not perform the same function. An example is the forelimb structure shared by cats and whales.

  4. Convergent evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_evolution

    Functionally similar features that have arisen through convergent evolution are analogous, whereas homologous structures or traits have a common origin but can have dissimilar functions. Bird, bat, and pterosaur wings are analogous structures, but their forelimbs are homologous, sharing an ancestral state despite serving different functions.

  5. List of examples of convergent evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_examples_of...

    The structure of immunoglobulin G-binding bacterial proteins A and H do not contain any sequences homologous to the constant repeats of IgG antibodies, but they have similar functions. Both protein G, A, H are inhibited in the interactions with IgG antibodies (IgGFc) by a synthetic peptide corresponding to an 11-amino-acid-long sequence in the ...

  6. List of related male and female reproductive organs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_related_male_and...

    These structures are the future scrotum and labia majora in males and females, respectively. The genital tubercles of an eight-week-old embryo of either sex are identical. They both have a glans area, which will go on to form the clitoral glans (females) or penile glans (males), a urogenital fold and groove, and an anal tubercle.

  7. Divergent evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divergent_evolution

    Convergent evolution is the development of analogous structures that occurs in different species as a result of those two species facing similar environmental pressures and adapting in similar ways. It differs from divergent evolution as the species involved do not descend from a closely related common ancestor and the traits accumulated are ...

  8. Evidence of common descent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence_of_common_descent

    Such structures are described as homologous and suggest a common origin. In cases where the similar structures serve different functions in adults, it may be necessary to trace their origin and embryonic development. A similar developmental origin suggests they are the same structure, and thus likely derived from a common ancestor.

  9. Structural analog - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_analog

    A structural analog, also known as a chemical analog or simply an analog, is a compound having a structure similar to that of another compound, but differing from it in respect to a certain component. [1] [2] [3] It can differ in one or more atoms, functional groups, or substructures, which are replaced with other atoms, groups, or ...