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Peer assessment, or self-assessment, is a process whereby students or their peers grade assignments or tests based on a teacher's benchmarks. [1] The practice is employed to save teachers time and improve students' understanding of course materials as well as improve their metacognitive skills.
Peers, particularly group members, become important social referents for [25] [26] teaching other members customs, social norms, and different ideologies. [27] Positive peer relationships improve social interaction and enhance positive engagement levels in adolescents with and without disabilities. [28]
Peer feedback is a practice where feedback is given by one student to another. Peer feedback provides students opportunities to learn from each other. After students finish a writing assignment but before the assignment is handed in to the instructor for a grade, the students have to work together to check each other's work and give comments to the peer partner.
There are several assignment types so the instructor must decide whether class assignments are whole-class, small groups, workshops, independent work, peer learning, or contractual: Whole-class—the teacher lectures to the class as a whole and has the class collectively participate in classroom discussions. Small groups—students work on ...
In turn, this hastened class time might result in loss of interest in students or even invalid peer-teaching. Cognitive abilities of the student also play a significant role in the success of scaffolding. Ideally, students are able to learn within this zone of proximal development, but this is often not the case.
Another study examined how the GPA model applies to peer confrontation and whistle-blowing in class. Henningsen et al. experimented with undergraduate students at a Midwestern University. [ 14 ] Henningsen et al. identified that in confronting a peer cheating, the primary goal should be to stop the peer from cheating.
Lateral communication is the exchange, imparting or sharing of information, ideas or feelings between people within a community, peer groups, departments or units of an organization who are at or about the same hierarchical level as each other for the purpose of coordinating activities, efforts or fulfilling a common purpose or goal
Peer relationships are also very important for determining how much adolescents value school, how much effort they put into it, and how well they perform in class. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] However, quite frequently adolescents take part in peer relationships that are harmful for their psychological development.