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Lyme disease, also known as Lyme borreliosis, is a tick-borne disease caused by species of Borrelia bacteria, transmitted by blood-feeding ticks in the genus Ixodes. [4] [9] [10] The most common sign of infection is an expanding red rash, known as erythema migrans (EM), which appears at the site of the tick bite about a week afterwards. [1]
Major US medical authorities, including the Infectious Diseases Society of America, [5] the American Academy of Neurology, [6] and the National Institutes of Health, [7] are careful to distinguish the diagnosis and treatment of "patients who have had well-documented Lyme disease and who remain symptomatic for many months to years after ...
Eight are known to cause Lyme disease or Borreliosis. [6] The major Borrelia species causing Lyme disease are Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia afzelii, and Borrelia garinii. [23] All species that cause Lyme disease are referred to collectively as B. burgdorferi sensu lato, [10] while B. burgdorferi itself is specified as B. burgdorferi sensu stricto.
Relapsing fever is a vector-borne disease caused by infection with certain bacteria in the genus Borrelia, [1] which is transmitted through the bites of lice, soft-bodied ticks (genus Ornithodoros), or hard-bodied ticks (Genus Ixodes). [2] [3]
This rash was known as erythema chronicum migrans, the skin rash found in early-stage Lyme disease. [18] In the 1920s, French physicians Garin and Bujadoux described a patient with meningoencephalitis, painful sensory radiculitis, and erythema migrans following a tick bite, and they postulated the symptoms were due to a spirochetal infection
The genomic variations have direct implications on the clinical symptoms of tick-borne Lyme disease. For example, B. burgdorferi s.s.’s tick-borne Lyme disease may manifest with arthritis-like symptoms. [9] In contrast, B. garinii’s tick-borne Lyme disease may cause an infection of the central nervous system. [9]
Borrelia burgdorferi is a bacterial species of the spirochete class in the genus Borrelia, and is one of the causative agents of Lyme disease in humans. [1] [2] Along with a few similar genospecies, some of which also cause Lyme disease, it makes up the species complex of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato.
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