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The Texas Supreme Court Building. Texas is the only state besides Oklahoma to have a bifurcated appellate system at the highest level. [4] The Texas Supreme Court hears appeals involving civil matters (which include juvenile cases), and the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals hears appeals involving criminal matters. [4]
Courts of Texas include: State courts of Texas. Texas Supreme Court (Civil) [1] Texas Court of Criminal Appeals (Criminal) [2] Texas Courts of Appeals (14 districts) [3] Texas District Courts (420 districts) [4] Texas County Courts [5] Texas Justice Courts [6] Texas Municipal Courts [7] Federal courts located in Texas. United States District ...
The Texas District Courts form part of the Texas judicial system and are the trial courts of general jurisdiction of Texas. As of January 2019, 472 district courts serve the state, each with a single judge, elected by partisan election to a four-year term.
The first session in which the Texas Supreme Court met was the January 1840 session, in Austin. [43] The Court consisted of Chief Justice Rusk, and District Judges Shelby, W.J. Jones, Mills, and Hemphill. The clerk was W. Fairfax Gray. [44] The court disposed of 49 cases on its docket, but issued only 18 opinions. [45]
The Supreme Court of Texas is the court of last resort for civil matters (including juvenile delinquency cases, which are categorized as civil under the Texas Family Code) in the U.S. state of Texas. A different court, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, is the court of last resort in criminal matters.
The Texas legal system is based on common law, which is interpreted by case law through the decisions of the Supreme Court, the Court of Criminal Appeals, and the Courts of Appeals, which are published in the Texas Cases and South Western Reporter. Counties and municipal governments may also promulgate local ordinances.
After statehood, Texas county courthouses kept their powers. [2] The counties of Texas were often first served by a tree, tent, or another building before judicial functions moved into a log cabin or dugout. [3] During the later 19th century, most county courthouses were simple wooden or stone two-story rectangular buildings. [4]
Courts of civil appeals in Texas were established in 1891 by constitutional amendment to help handle the increasing load of the court system. They had jurisdiction to hear appeals and mandamus petitions of any civil case from their region, with the regions decided by the legislature.