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Methylene blue has been used as a placebo; physicians would tell their patients to expect their urine to change color and view this as a sign that their condition had improved. [26] This same side effect makes methylene blue difficult to use in traditional placebo-controlled clinical studies, including those testing for its efficacy as a treatment.
Methylene blue is given as a 1% solution (10 mg/ml) 1 to 2 mg/kg administered intravenously slowly over five minutes. Although the response is usually rapid, the dose may be repeated in one hour if the level of methemoglobin is still high one hour after the initial infusion. Methylene blue inhibits monoamine oxidase, and serotonin toxicity can ...
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While the addition of methylene blue to treat cases of methemoglobinemia has been scientifically tested and proven, there are some side effects to note and monitor with high dosages of the antidote. Minor side effects include green or blue discoloration of urine; however, significant side effects include worsening of the present methemoglobinemia.
Allergic-like reactions and methemoglobinemia have been documented after the use of methylene blue dye in chromopertubation. [9] These reported symptoms vary from blue discoloration of body fluids to anaphylactic shock. [10] Methemoglobinemia is a blood disorder that can potentially result in various levels of cyanosis. [11]
The first-line treatment for severe methemoglobinemia is methylene blue, a medication that will reduce methemoglobin in the blood. This is possible because methylene blue oxidizes NADPH , which in turn can convert methemoglobin back to hemoglobin.
Wright's stain is a hematologic stain that facilitates the differentiation of blood cell types. It is classically a mixture of eosin (red) and methylene blue dyes. It is used primarily to stain peripheral blood smears, urine samples, and bone marrow aspirates, which are examined under a light microscope.
The synthetic dye methylene blue, containing the structure, was described in 1876. Many water-soluble phenothiazine derivatives, such as methylene blue, methylene green, thionine, and others, can be electropolymerized into conductive polymers used as electrocatalysts for NADH oxidation in enzymatic biosensors and biofuel cells. [10] [11] [12]