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Capital appreciation – Increase of value of finance over time (Accounting term) Currency carry trade – Uncovered interest arbitrage (investors borrow low-yielding currencies and lend (invest in) high-yielding currencies). Exchange rate – Rate at which one currency will be exchanged for another; Marshall–Lerner condition – Economic concept
The nominal value of a commodity bundle tends to change over time. In contrast, by definition, the real value of the commodity bundle in aggregate remains the same over time. The real values of individual goods or commodities may rise or fall against each other, in relative terms, but a representative commodity bundle as a whole retains its ...
Economic depreciation over a given period is the reduction in the remaining value of future goods and services. Under certain circumstances, such as an unanticipated increase in the price of the services generated by an asset or a reduction in the discount rate , its value may increase rather than decline.
Country foreign exchange reserves minus external debt. In international economics, the balance of payments (also known as balance of international payments and abbreviated BOP or BoP) of a country is the difference between all money flowing into the country in a particular period of time (e.g., a quarter or a year) and the outflow of money to the rest of the world.
With a gold standard such as the one that was widely in effect from about 1871–1914, exchange rates are fixed so generally there is no currency appreciation or depreciation (except within a very narrow band, relating to the cost to ship gold between countries). So if one country enjoys a trade surplus, this results in it enjoying a net inflow ...
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Managerial economics aims to provide the tools and techniques to make informed decisions to maximize the profits and minimize the losses of a firm. [4] Managerial economics has use in many different business applications, although the most common focus areas are related to the risk, pricing, production and capital decisions a manager makes. [31]
One channel of crowding out is a reduction in private investment and accumulation of real resources that occurs because of an increase in government spending. Increased government spending results in a shift in the distribution of real resources produced within an economy, away from private use and to public use.