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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of progressive lung disease characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. [8] GOLD 2024 defined COPD as a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms (dyspnea or shortness of breath, cough, sputum production or exacerbations) due to abnormalities of the airways (bronchitis ...
Smoking accounts for about 80% of all COPD-related deaths, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention—and smoking cessation is one of the only things that have been shown to ...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Smoking. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Certain medications, like ACE inhibitors. Obstructive sleep apnea. Allergies. Productive vs ...
Eating heart-healthy foods, having more frequent, smaller meals instead of three bigger meals, and minimizing foods that cause bloating or gas, which can make breathing more difficult, all play a ...
Many people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have a low partial pressure of oxygen in the blood and high partial pressure of carbon dioxide.Treatment with supplemental oxygen may improve their well-being; alternatively, in some this can lead to the adverse effect of elevating the carbon dioxide content in the blood (hypercapnia) to levels that may become toxic.
COPD is defined as a forced expiratory volume in 1 second divided by the forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) that is less than 0.7 (or 70%). [8] The residual volume, the volume of air left in the lungs following full expiration, is often increased in COPD, as is the total lung capacity, while the vital capacity remains relatively normal.