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One source states that the specificity of the test is high, virtually 100%, [7] Another source states that a number of other conditions can cause false positives. [5] Rarely, however, a false positive heterophile antibody test may result from systemic lupus erythematosus, toxoplasmosis, rubella, lymphoma and leukemia.
These are considered heterophile antibodies. In clinical diagnosis, the heterophile antibody test specifically refers to a rapid test for antibodies produced against the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis. Heterophile antibodies can cause significant interference in any immunoassay. [3]
Other heterophile antigens are responsible for some diagnostic serological tests such as: Weil-Felix reaction for typhus fever; Paul Bunnell test for infectious mononucleosis; Cold agglutinin test in primary atypical pneumonia; Chemically, heterophile antigens are composed of lipoprotein-polysaccharide complexes.
False positive COVID-19 tests occur when you don’t have the novel coronavirus, but the test is positive. Experts explain how and why false positives happen. ... “The tests have an antibody ...
Antibody to EBNA slowly appears 2 to 4 months after the onset of symptoms and persists for the rest of a person’s life. [10] When negative, these tests are more accurate than the heterophile antibody test in ruling out infectious mononucleosis. When positive, they feature similar specificity to the heterophile antibody test.
An example of helpful cross-reactivity is in heterophile antibody tests, which detect Epstein-Barr virus using antibodies with specificity for other antigens. Cross-reactivity is also a commonly evaluated parameter for the validation of immune and protein binding based assays such as ELISA and RIA .
False positive pregnancy test can happen due to 'phantom hCG' which is due to people having human antianimal or heterophilic antibodies. [21] False positives can also be caused by (in order of incidence) quiescent pregnancy, pituitary sulfated hCG, heterophilic antibody, familial hCG syndrome and cancer. [22]
The basis of the test is the presence of antigenic cross-reactivity between Rickettsia spp. and certain serotypes of non-motile Proteus spp., a phenomenon first published by Edmund Weil and Arthur Felix in 1916. [2] Weil-Felix is a nonspecific agglutination test which detects anti-rickettsial antibodies in patient’s serum.