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The Romanian revolution started in the city of Timișoara and soon spread throughout the country, ultimately culminating in the drumhead trial and execution of longtime Romanian Communist Party (PCR) General Secretary Nicolae Ceaușescu and his wife Elena, and the end of 42 years of Communist rule in Romania.
Romania under Ceaușescu maintained and sometimes improved diplomatic and other relations with, among others, West Germany, Israel, China, Albania, and Pinochet's Chile, all for various reasons not on good terms with Moscow. Ceaușescu refused to implement measures of economic liberalism. The evolution of his regime followed the path begun by ...
Nicolae Ceaușescu (/ tʃ aʊ ˈ ʃ ɛ s k uː / chow-SHESK-oo; Romanian: [nikoˈla.e tʃe̯a.uˈʃesku] ⓘ; 26 January [O.S. 13 January] 1918 – 25 December 1989) was a Romanian politician who was the second and last communist leader of Romania, serving as the general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989.
Romanian state television announced that Nicolae Ceaușescu had been responsible for the deaths of 60,000 people; [3] the announcement did not make clear whether this was the number killed during the Romanian Revolution in Timișoara [4] [5] [6] or throughout the 24 years of Ceaușescu's rule. Nevertheless, the charges did not affect the trial.
Paul Goma, a Bessarabian-born writer, provided the earliest challenge to the Ceaușescu regime in the spring of 1977. [7] Goma had challenged the previous communist governments of Romania: in 1956, he read at university a chapter of a novel describing a student movements similar to the one of Hungarian Revolution of 1956. [8]
Widespread dissent from religious groups in Romania did not appear until revolution was sweeping across Eastern Europe in 1989. Patriarch Teoctist of the Romanian Orthodox Church supported Ceaușescu up until the end of the regime, and even congratulated him after the state murdered one hundred demonstrators in Timișoara. [8]
Against a unifyingly momentous milieu — namely, the wintry week of revolution that preceded the accelerated downfall, trial and execution of communist leader Nicolae Ceaușescu on Christmas Day ...
Although the measure helped pay off the debt, the harsh austerity measures negatively affected the living standards of the Romanians, increased shortages [1] and eventually led to the execution of Nicolae Ceaușescu and collapse of the Romanian Communist Party through the Romanian Revolution in December 1989.