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  2. Historical climatology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_climatology

    These historical impacts of climate change can improve human life and cause societies to flourish, or can be instrumental in civilization's societal collapse. The study seeks to define periods in human history where temperature or precipitation varied from what is observed in the present day.

  3. Land surface effects on climate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Land_surface_effects_on_climate

    Land surface effects on climate are wide-ranging and vary by region. Deforestation and exploitation of natural landscapes play a significant role. Some of these environmental changes are similar to those caused by the effects of global warming .

  4. Elevational diversity gradient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevational_Diversity_Gradient

    The first recorded observation of the elevational diversity gradient was by Carl Linnaeus in his treatise On the growth of the habitable Earth.In this document, Linnaeus based his predictions on flood geology, assuming most of the world was at one point inundated, leaving only the highest elevations available for terrestrial life.

  5. Altitudinal zonation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation

    Montane level: [7] [22] Extends from the mid-elevation forests to the tree line. The exact level of the tree line varies with local climate, but typically the tree line is found where mean monthly soil temperatures never exceed 10.0 degrees C and the mean annual soil temperatures are around 6.7 degrees C.

  6. Environmental gradient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_gradient

    An environmental gradient, or climate gradient, is a change in abiotic (non-living) factors through space (or time). Environmental gradients can be related to factors such as altitude, depth, temperature, soil humidity and precipitation.

  7. Human impact on the environment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_impact_on_the...

    The environmental impact of irrigation includes the changes in quantity and quality of soil and water as a result of irrigation and the ensuing effects on natural and social conditions at the tail-end and downstream of the irrigation scheme. The impacts stem from the changed hydrological conditions owing to the installation and operation of the ...

  8. Effects of climate change - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change

    An additional aspect to consider is the detrimental impact climate change can have on green or blue natural spaces, which have been proven to have beneficial impact on mental health. [173] [174] Impacts of anthropogenic climate change, such as freshwater pollution or deforestation, degrade these landscapes and reduce public access to them. [175]

  9. Effects of climate change on biomes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change...

    Climate change has a direct impact on the productivity of the boreal forest, as well as health and regeneration. [15] As a result of the rapidly changing climate, trees show declines in growth at the southern limit of their range, [ 62 ] and are migrating to higher latitudes and altitudes (northward) to remain their climatic habitat, but some ...