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Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's rate-dependent resistance to a change in shape or to movement of its neighboring portions relative to one another. [1] For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of thickness; for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water. [2]
An interesting technique to measure the viscosity of a liquid using a quartz crystal microbalance which improves the consistency of measurements uses a drop method. [7] [8] Instead of creating a thin film or submerging the quartz crystal in a liquid, a single drop of the fluid of interest is dropped on the surface of the crystal. The viscosity ...
Consequently, if a liquid has dynamic viscosity of n centiPoise, and its density is not too different from that of water, then its kinematic viscosity is around n centiStokes. For gas, the dynamic viscosity is usually in the range of 10 to 20 microPascal-seconds, or 0.01 to 0.02 centiPoise. The density is usually on the order of 0.5 to 5 kg/m^3.
A brief review of the techniques available for measuring the volume viscosity of liquids can be found in Dukhin & Goetz [10] and Sharma (2019). [15] One such method is by using an acoustic rheometer. Below are values of the volume viscosity for several Newtonian liquids at 25 °C (reported in cP): [16]
where is the viscosity of the liquid mixture, is the viscosity (equation) for fluid component i when flowing as a pure fluid, and is the molfraction of component i in the liquid mixture. The Grunberg-Nissan (1949) [10] mixing rule extends the Arrhenius rule to
The poise is often used with the metric prefix centi-because the viscosity of water at 20 °C (standard conditions for temperature and pressure) is almost exactly 1 centipoise. [3] A centipoise is one hundredth of a poise, or one millipascal-second (mPa⋅s) in SI units (1 cP = 10 −3 Pa⋅s = 1 mPa⋅s). [4] The CGS symbol for the centipoise ...
To take the measurement, the finger is released as a stopclock is started, and the liquid is allowed to run into a measuring container. The time in seconds is recorded as a measure of the viscosity. Marsh Funnel top view showing the mesh through which drilling fluid is poured to retain particles which would not pass through the orifice.
Where the viscosity is naturally high, such as polymer solutions and polymer melts, flow is normally laminar. The Reynolds number is very small and Stokes' law can be used to measure the viscosity of the fluid. Spheres are allowed to fall through the fluid and they reach the terminal velocity quickly, from which the viscosity can be determined ...
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