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Enterocytes, or intestinal absorptive cells, are simple columnar epithelial cells which line the inner surface of the small and large intestines. A glycocalyx surface coat contains digestive enzymes .
Enterocytes (in the small intestine) known as colonocytes in the colon, are the most numerous and function primarily for nutrient absorption. Enterocytes express many catabolic enzymes on their exterior luminal surface to break down molecules to sizes appropriate for uptake into the cell.
Terminal differentiation of absorptive enterocytes: 19801644 [21] EPHB3: Localization of Paneth cells to crypt base: 12408869 [22] FGF7: KGF: Regulate epithelial growth and promote differentiation: 19326389 [23] FGFR3: Paneth cell specification through beta-catenin/Tcf4 dependent and independent pathway. Significant reduction in Paneth cell in ...
The glands and intestinal villi are covered by epithelium, which contains multiple types of cells: enterocytes (absorbing water and electrolytes), goblet cells (secreting mucus), enteroendocrine cells (secreting hormones), cup cells, myofibroblast, tuft cells, and at the base of the gland, Paneth cells (secreting anti-microbial peptides) and ...
Intestinal villi (sg.: villus) are small, finger-like projections that extend into the lumen of the small intestine.Each villus is approximately 0.5–1.6 mm in length (in humans), and has many microvilli projecting from the enterocytes of its epithelium which collectively form the striated or brush border.
Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters (or sodium-glucose linked transporter, SGLT) are a family of glucose transporter found in the intestinal mucosa (enterocytes) of the small intestine (SGLT1) and the proximal tubule of the nephron (SGLT2 in PCT and SGLT1 in PST). They contribute to renal glucose reabsorption.
The large intestine also has microvilli on the surface of its enterocytes. The brush border morphology increases a cell's surface area, a trait which is especially useful in absorptive cells. Cells that absorb substances need a large surface area in contact with the substance to be efficient. [7]
The jejunum is the second part of the small intestine in humans and most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds.Its lining is specialized for the absorption by enterocytes of small nutrient molecules which have been previously digested by enzymes in the duodenum.