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The ability to invade surrounding tissue and metastasise is a hallmark of cancer. The hallmarks of cancer were originally six biological capabilities acquired during the multistep development of human tumors and have since been increased to eight capabilities and two enabling capabilities. The idea was coined by Douglas Hanahan and Robert ...
In their landmark paper, The Hallmarks of Cancer, [3] Hanahan and Weinberg suggest that cancer can be described by a small number of underlying principles, despite the complexities of the disease. The authors describe how tumor progression proceeds via a process analogous to Darwinian evolution, where each genetic change confers a growth ...
With Robert Weinberg, he wrote a seminal paper The Hallmarks of Cancer, published in January 2000, and which in March 2011 is the most cited article from the peer reviewed journal Cell. [5] In 2011, they published an updated review article entitled "Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation". [6]
The central role of DNA damage and epigenetic defects in DNA repair genes in carcinogenesis. DNA damage is considered to be the primary cause of cancer. [17] More than 60,000 new naturally-occurring instances of DNA damage arise, on average, per human cell, per day, due to endogenous cellular processes (see article DNA damage (naturally occurring)).
Therefore, cellular and nuclear pleomorphism is one of the earliest hallmarks of cancer progression and a feature characteristic of malignant neoplasms and dysplasia. [2] [3] Certain benign cell types may also exhibit pleomorphism, e.g. neuroendocrine cells, Arias-Stella reaction.
Six types of cancer have been linked with excessive alcohol consumption, including breast, colorectal, and liver cancer, research shows. In 2019, 5.4% of cancers in the United States were ...