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Cotyledon from a Judas-tree (Cercis siliquastrum, a dicot) seedling Comparison of a monocot and dicot sprouting. The visible part of the monocot plant (left) is actually the first true leaf produced from the meristem; the cotyledon itself remains within the seed Schematic of epigeal vs hypogeal germination Peanut seeds split in half, showing the embryos with cotyledons and primordial root Two ...
As the plant embryo grows at germination, it sends out a shoot called a radicle that becomes the primary root, and then penetrates down into the soil.After emergence of the radicle, the hypocotyl emerges and lifts the growing tip (usually including the seed coat) above the ground, bearing the embryonic leaves (called cotyledons), and the plumule that gives rise to the first true leaves.
Seedling of Nandina domestica (a dicot) showing two green cotyledon leaves, and the first "true" leaf with its distinct leaflets and red-green color. Once the seedling starts to photosynthesize, it is no longer dependent on the seed's energy reserves. The apical meristems start growing and give rise to the root and shoot.
Emergence: hypocotyl with cotyledons breaking through soil surface ("crook stage") 1: Leaf development (Main shoot) 10: Cotyledons completely unfolded 1: 11: First true leaf unfolded 1: 12: 2nd true leaf unfolded 1: 13: 3rd true leaf unfolded 1: 1 . Stages continuous till ... 19: 9 or more true leaves unfolded;1 no side shoots visible 2: 2 ...
Cotyledons completely unfolded; growing point or true leaf initial visible 11: First true leaf unfolded 12: 2nd true leaf unfolded 13: 3rd true leaf unfolded 1 . Stages continuous till ... 19: 9 or more true leaves unfolded 3: Stem elongation of rosette growth 33: Leaf rosette has reached 30% of the expected diameter typical for the variety. 1
Cotyledons completely unfolded; growing point or true leaf initial visible 11: First true leaf unfolded 12: 2nd true leaf unfolded 13: 3rd true leaf unfolded 1 . Stages continuous till ... 19: 9 or more true leaves unfolded 4: Development of harvestable vegetative plant parts 41: Heads begin to form: the two youngest leaves do not unfold 42
Principal growth stage 1: Leaf development (main shoot) 10: G, M: First true leaf emerged from coleoptile D: Cotyledons completely unfolded P: First leaves separated 11: First true leaf, leaf pair or whorl unfolded P: First leaves unfolded 12: 2 true leaves, leaf pairs or whorls unfolded 13: 3 true leaves, leaf pairs or whorls unfolded 1 .
The epicotyl will expand and form the point of attachment of the shoot apex and leaf primordia or "first true leaves". Cotyledons may remain belowground or be pushed up aboveground with the growing stem depending on the plant species in question. In plant physiology, the epicotyl is the embryonic shoot above the cotyledons. In most plants the ...