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Australian permanent residents are residents of Australia who hold a permanent visa but are not citizens of Australia. A holder of a permanent visa may remain in Australia indefinitely. A 5-year initial travel facility, which corresponds to the underlying migration program, is granted alongside the permanent visa.
Australia maintains a list of skilled occupations that are currently acceptable for immigration to Australia. [ 52 ] In 2009, following the global financial crisis , the Australian government reduced its immigration target by 14%, and the permanent migration program for skilled migrants was reduced to 115,000 people for that financial year. [ 53 ]
Australia was the first country in the world to launch electronic visas. [12] Australia officially ceased the issuance of visa stickers on 1 September 2015, and all visas are issued and recorded electronically. [10] From July 2017, the use of outgoing departure cards ceased.
The distinction between the meaning of the terms citizenship and nationality is not always clear in the English language and differs by country. Generally, nationality refers a person's legal belonging to a state and is the common term used in international treaties when referring to members of that polity; citizenship refers to the set of rights and duties a person has in that nation. [3]
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Ideology and Immigration: Australia 1976 to 1987 (1997) Burnley, I.H. The Impact of Immigration in Australia: A Demographic Approach (2001) Foster, William, et al. Immigration and Australia: Myths and Realities (1998) Jupp, James. From White Australia to Woomera: The Story of Australian Immigration (2007) excerpt and text search; Jupp, James.
In NSW, once a driver becomes a permanent resident a local licence should be obtained generally within three months. [53] In Victoria, a resident who is planning on staying for more than 6 months is not permitted to drive with an overseas licence for more than six months (calculated using the visa grant or Australia entry date, whichever is later).
The Oxford History of Australia: Volume 5: 1942–1995. The Middle Way (2005) Bramble, Tom. Trade Unionism in Australia: A History from Flood to Ebb Tide (2008) excerpt and text search; Bridge, Carl ed., Munich to Vietnam: Australia's Relations with Britain and the United States since the 1930s, Melbourne University Press 1991; Carey, Hilary.