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Monarch butterflies flying and sipping nectar from milkweed flowers. The adult's wingspan ranges from 8.9 to 10.2 centimetres (3.5 to 4.0 in). [10] The upper sides of the wings are tawny orange, the veins and margins are black, and two series of small white spots occur in the margins. Monarch forewings also have a few orange spots near their tips.
Antennae are extremely sensitive; the feathered antennae of male moths from the Saturniidae, Lasiocampidae, and many other families are so sensitive that they can detect the pheromones of female moths from distances of up to 2 km (1.2 mi) away. Lepidoptera antennae can be angled in many positions.
The queen butterfly (Danaus gilippus) is a North and South American butterfly in the family Nymphalidae with a wingspan of 80–85 mm (3 + 1 ⁄ 8 – 3 + 3 ⁄ 8 in). [3] It is orange or brown with black wing borders and small white forewing spots on its dorsal wing surface, and reddish ventral wing surface fairly similar to the dorsal surface.
Danaus chrysippus, also known as the plain tiger, [1] [2] African queen, [2] or African monarch, is a medium-sized butterfly widespread in Asia, Australia and Africa. [2] It belongs to the Danainae subfamily of the brush-footed butterfly family Nymphalidae .
The male passes a spermatophore to the female; to reduce sperm competition, he may cover her with his scent, or in some species such as the Apollos plugs her genital opening to prevent her from mating again. [40] The vast majority of butterflies have a four-stage life cycle: egg, larva (caterpillar), pupa (chrysalis) and imago (adult
Its wings feature an orange and black pattern, and over most of its range it is a Müllerian mimic [4] with the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus). The viceroy's wingspan is between 53 and 81 mm (2.1 and 3.2 in). [5] It can be distinguished from the monarch by its smaller size and the postmedian black line that runs across the veins on the ...
Male monarch butterflies do not emit volatile pheromones, but pheromone-laden nanoparticles called pheromone transfer particles, which they use to transfer arrestants or aphrodisiac pheromones to females. The pheromone transfer particles position the males on their brush hairs and scatter them during courtship flight.
The frenulum can be observed only when a specimen is in hand. There is only one known species of butterfly with a frenulum, which is the male regent skipper Euschemon rafflesia. [5] Some moths have a lobe on the forewing called a jugum that helps in coupling with the hindwing. Butterflies lack these structures.